DISTRIBUTION OF CONJUNCTIONS IN ADVERSATIVE COMPOUND SENTENCES

Abstract

Introduction. The factors determining the functioning of particular conjunctions in adversative compound sentences of different semantics still remain a debatable issue and therefore require special investigation, which defines the relevance of the present study.
The purpose. To investigate the conditions of conjunction usage in adversative compound sentences; to identify the factors influencing the choice of a particular conjunction; to determine the most frequently and least frequently used adversative conjunctions.
The methods: descriptive method with the techniques of observation and interpretation, systematization and classification of linguistic phenomena; structural method, including transformational and component analysis techniques; cognitive analysis; quantitative calculations.
Main results of the study. Adversative compound sentences in modern Ukrainian arise on the basis of various logical patterns: 1) sharp antithesis between predicative clauses; 2) substitution of an expected situation by an unexpected one; 3) limitation of the situation reflected in the first predicative clause; 4) inconsistency of situations in the predicative clauses; 5) compensation.
The semantics of these sentences is formed by the lexical content of the predicative clauses and by the conjunctions connecting these clauses into a single construction. The use of particular conjunctions is determined by the logical pattern underlying the compound sentence. In constructions based on antithesis between the propositions expressed in the predicative clauses (proper adversative sentences), only the conjunction а is used. In adversative compound sentences based on substitution, the conjunctions а and але are used. Predicative clauses of constructions based on restrictive relations are predominantly connected by the conjunctions але and проте, less frequently by а, однак / одначе, and та. In adversative-concessive sentences, the conjunctions а, але, and проте usually occur, less frequently однак / одначе and та, and sporadically так. Constructions in which compensatory relations arise between predicative clauses are usually structured by the conjunction зате, and more rarely by але and проте. The most productive conjunctions in adversative compound sentences are а, але, and проте.
Originality. Adversative compound sentences in modern Ukrainian have been analyzed on the basis of logical patterns, and the influence of the logic of opposition between situations of objective reality on the use of conjunctions in these sentences has been established.
Conclusions and specific suggestions of the author. Adversative compound sentences in modern Ukrainian are formed on the basis of various logical patterns. The use of particular conjunctions is determined by the logical pattern underlying the adversative sentence. The most productive conjunctions in these sentences are а, але, and проте.