An article may be retracted for the following reasons:

1. Unreliable conclusions based on clear evidence of misconduct (e.g., fraudulent use of data) or an «honest» error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error).

2. Redundant publication, for example, findings that have been previously published elsewhere without appropriate cross-referencing, permission, or justification.

3. Plagiarism or another type of unethical research, misconduct.

 

                                                                     Retraction Procedure

A retraction occurs after the Editorial Board has thoroughly reviewed reports received from the editor(s), author(s), or reader(s).

A retraction is initiated if the investigation reveals that:

– findings are unreliable or based on a significant error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error), or are the result of falsification (e.g., image manipulation);

– the text contains plagiarism;

– the findings were previously published elsewhere without proper reference to prior sources or without disclosure to the editor, permission for republication, or justification (i. e., a case of duplicate publication);

– the text contains materials or data obtained without proper authorization for use;

– there is an infringement of copyright or other significant legal violations (e.g., libel, breach of confidentiality, etc.);

– the research is unethical;

– the publication was based on a compromised or manipulated peer review process;

– the author(s) failed to disclose a significant conflict of interest that, in the Editor-in-Chief’s opinion, could have significantly influenced the evaluation of the work or the recommendations of editors and reviewers.

The PDF file of the retracted article remains on the «Linguistic Bulletin» («Movoznavchyi Visnyk») website, but a clear watermark with the note «Retracted» is placed on every page.