BORROWINGS AS DETERMINANT OF DYNAMICS OF LEXICON UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE OF XVI–XVII CT.
Main Article Content
Abstract
The language situation in Ukraine in the XVI–XVII centuries by V. Nimchuk definition, was «the most complicated in Europe (if not worldwide)», because the languages «manifested the competition of different ideologies and political-economic systems. Languages were opposing worlds and harbingers of a new world view birth, or the concept of the world» (I. Farion). In the researched period in Ukraine different languages were developed and used: Ukrainian, Church Slavonic, Greek, Latin, Hebraic, Yiddish, Armenian, Turkish, Kipchak-Tatar, Polish, German, Hungarian, Italian, French and others. The result of the language interaction became the lexical borrowings, the amount of which was increased in the XVI–XVII centuries, that was caused by both intralingual and external reasons. It is important to outline the types of changes of the dynamics of Ukrainian lexicon of study period to determine the influence mechanisms of borrowings on the structure of the language-recipient.
The purpose. Article is dedicated to explanation of extralingual factors of development of lexicon Ukrainian language of XVI–XVII ct., role of borrowings in this process and their coexistence with native lexic. Changes of lexic of thematical groups of names of persons by their job of kind of business, which were in XVI–XVII ct., are analized. This lexic reflects state of development of craft and industry in Ukraine in period, which being invesigated, and witnesses level of economical, legal, political and cultural development, presence of own and adopted crafts.
Research methods. General scientific methods (induction, deduction, analysys, synthesis), special linguistic methods (descriptional, linguo-cultural, systematic-classicifical) and quantity calculation approach are used in this work.
Main results of study. Ukrainian literal sources of XVI–XVII ct. prove borrowings from Latin, Greek, Church-Slavic, Polish, German, Italian, French, Hungarian, Romanian, Lituanian, Dutch, Russian, Belorussian, Chekh, Arabian and Turkish languages. These lexems got into Ukrainian language either direct or with mediatory of other languages, most Polish or Chekh, wich was caused by complex lingual or extralingual factors.
Scientific novelty of research results. Adoptions as an element of development of Ukrainian lexicon of XVI–XVII ct. made different impact to the development of particular TGL and LSG, which was caused by chain of lingual and extralingual factors and caused multidimention of TGL and non-uniform dencity of outer lexic inside them. Saturation of particular ideographic spheres by borrowings depended on many reasons, in particular, from state of development of corresponding TGL and LSG, actuality of shpere of nomination by itself, existence (and their quantity) of native semantic dublets. Linguists-historicians has different quantity of using of words, remote by time, which allows us to extract particular meanings or their shades from their basement. A linguist is bound to outgoing material, which does not allow him to reach completeness of modelling of lexicon dynamic.
Conclusions and specific suggestions of the autor. It’s notices, that using of achievemnts of dialectology, archeology, ethnography, history, folkloristics will allow to contribute significant amends into understanding of specifics of development of Ukrainian language in XVI–XVII ct. Investigation of Ukrainian language realm in diachrony through the prism of literal sources forces an activisation of new lexicographic studies. Creation of array of texts is an important step in modern Ukrainian lexicographic studies, because it supports complex investigation of language material, it’s availability to specialists in different spheres of knowledgeArticle Details
References
Nimchuk, V. (Ed.). (2017). Akty Poltavskoho polkovoho sudu, 1668–1740 rr. [Acts of Regiment court of Poltava, 1668–1740]. (1). Kyiv : Naukova dumka. (in Ukr.).
Arkhiv Yugo-Zapadnoy Rossii, izdavayemyy Vremennoyu komissiyeyu dlya razbora drevnikh aktov, vysochayshe uchrezhdennoyu pri Kiyevskom Voyennom, Podol’skom i Volynskom general-gubernatore. CH. 1, t. 1 : Akty, otnosyashchiyesya k istorii pravoslavnoy tserkvi YUgo-Zapadnoy Rossii (1481–1596 gg.). (1859). [Archive of South-West Russia, published by Temporary commission for studying of ancient acts, established at Kiev military, Podol and Volyn governor-general. Acts, related to history of orthodox church of South-West Russia (1481–1596.)]. (P. 1.V. 1). Kyiv (in Russ.).
Arkhiv Yugo-Zapadnoy Rossii, izdavayemyy Vremennoyu komissiyeyu dlya razbora drevnikh aktov, vysochayshe uchrezhdennoyu pri Kiyevskom Voyennom, Podol’skom i Volynskom general-gubernatore. CH. 6, t. 1 : Akty ob ekonomicheskikh i yuridicheskikh otnosheniyakh krest’yan v YUgo-Zapadnoy Rossii v XVI–XVIII st. (1498–1795 gg.) (1876). [Archive of South-West Russia, published by Temporary commission for studying of ancient acts, established at Kiev military, Podol and Volyn governor-general. Acts about economical and legal relations of peasants in South-West Russia in XVI–XVIII ct. (1498–1795)]. (P. 6.V. 1). Kyiv (in Ukr.).
Gajda, S. (1990). Wprowadzenie do teorii terminu. Opole : Wyższa szkoła pedagogiczna im. Powstańców Śląskich (in Pol.).
Horobets`, V. (2003). Zasady politychnykh system ta instytutsiini modeli Hetmanshchyny, Zaporozkoi Sichi, Sobozhanshchyny ta Pravoberezhnoi Ukrainy. Istoriia ukrainskoi kultury : u 5 t. / holov. redkol. : Paton B. Ye. (holov. red.) [ta in.] [Origins of political systems and institutional models of Hetmanshchyna, Zaporizka Sich, Slobozhanshchyna and Right coast Ukraine. Paton, B. (Ed.). History of Ukrainian culture]. (Vol. 3). Kyiv (in Ukr.).
Danilenko, V. (1977). Russkaya terminologiya : opyt lingvisticheskogo opisaniya [Russian terminology: experience of linguistical description]. Moskva : Nauka (in Russ.).
Nimchuk, V. (Ed.). (1981). Dilova mova Volyni i Naddniprianshchyny XVII st. : (zb. aktovykh dok.) [Business language of Volyn and Dnipro region in XVII century]. Kyiv : Naukova dumka (in Ukr.).
Mel`nychuk, O. (Ed.). (1982 ; 1985 ; 1989 ; 2003 ; 2012). Etymologichnyj slovnyk ukrajins`koji movy. (Vols. 1–4 ; 6). Kyiv : Naukova dumka (in Ukr.).
Kotljar, M. (1990). Peredmova. Torhivlia na Ukraini, XIV – seredyna XVII stolittia : Volyn i Naddniprianshchyna [Preface. Trade in Ukraine in XVI – middle of XVII century. Volyn and Dnipro region]. Kotljar, M. (Ed.). Kyiv : Naukova dumka (in Ukr.).
Kreml`ova, O. (1992). Do pytannia pro osoblyvosti funktsionuvannia movnykh odynyts z natsionalno-kulturnym komponentom u khudozhnomu teksti [About the issue of particularities of functionality of language units with nacional-cultural component in artistic text]. Linguistical investigations. (2), 83–86 (in Ukr.).
Kryzhanovskaja, A. (1985). Sopostavitel’noye issledovaniye terminologii sovremennykh russkogo i ukrainskogo yazykov: problemy unifikatsii i integratsii [Comparative investigation of terminology of modern Russian and Ukrainian languages: unification and integration issues]. Kyiv : Naukova dumka (in Russ.).
Кrovyts`ka, О. (2007). Nazvy osib za profesiieiu ta rodom zaniat v ostrozkykh inventariakh ХVІ–ХVІІ st. [Names of persons by profession and kind of business in Ostrog inventories of ХVІ–ХVІІ century]. Scientifical notes of Ternopil national pedagogical univercity of name. V. Hnatjuk. Series: Lingustic. (1), 358–366 (in Ukr.).
Кrovyts`ka, О. (1995). Semantychna ta slovotvirna kharakterystyka nazv osib u pamiatkakh ukrainskoi movy ХVІ–ХVІІ st. [Sematical and word-creational characteristic of names of persons in Ukrainian language sources in ХVІ–ХVІІІ century]. PhD dissertation (Ukrainian language). L`viv, Ukraine (in Ukr.).
Malevich, L. (1999). Osoblyvosti ukrainskoi terminolohii donaukovoho period : (na materiali hidromelioratyvnoi terminoleksyky) [Particularities of Ukrainian terminology of period before science: (based on material of hydromeliorative terminological lexic)]. Lingustic. (4/5), 51–58 (in Ukr.).
Michalonis Litvani. De moribus Tartarorum, Litvanorum et Moscorum Fragmina decem, multiplici historia referta. In : Kalachev, I. (Ed.). (1854). Archive of historical and legal data, which related to Russia. (B. 2, second half, dep. 5). Moskva (in Latyn.).
Nomys, M. (1864). Prykazky, pryslivia i take inshe. Peredruk vydannia 1864 roku z dodatkamy. [Sayings, proverbs and so on.] N. J: Vydavnychyi fond Vladyky Mstyslava, mytropolyta avtokefal`noi pravoslavnoi tserkvy v diaspori (in Ukr.).
Franko, I. (Ed.). (1896–1906). Pamiatky ukrainsko-ruskoi movy i literatury [Source of Ukrainian-Rus language and literature]. L`viv : by Scientific society of Shevchenko’s name (in Ukr.).
Plavyuk, V. (Ed.). (1998). Prypovidky abo ukrainsko-narodnia filosofiia [Proverbs or Ukrainian folk philosophy]. Edmonton : Asotsiatsiia Ukrainskykh Pioneriv Al`berty (in Ukr.).
Reiestrъ zaporozhskomu voisku 1649 h., sъ herbomъ Khmelnytskaho y podpysiamy Bohdana Khmelnytskaho y Yvana Vыhovskaho [Register of Zaporizhja Army 1649 year, with coat of arms of Khmelnitsky and signatures of Khmelnitsky and Vygovsky]. РГАДА. Ф. 196. Оп. 1. Спр. 1691 (in Ukr.).
Romanova, N. (1984). Yazyk nauki kak rezul’tat i istochnik poznaniya [Language of science as result and source of cognition]. Methodological and philosophycal problems of lingustics and study of literature. Novosibirsk (in Russ.).
Avanesov, R. (Ed.). (1990–1991). Slovar` drevnerusskoho jazyka (XI–XIV vv.). Moskva : AN SSSR, IRJA RAN. (Т. 3–4). (in Russ.).
Humets`ka, L. (Ed.). (1977). Slovnyk staroukrajins`koji movy XIV–XV st. Kyiv : Naukova dumka. (Т. 1). (in Ukr.).
Hrynchyshyn, D. (Ed.). (1998 ; 1999; 2002). Slovnyk ukrajins`koji movy XVI – pershoji povyny XVII st. L`viv : Instytut ukrajinoznavstva im. І. Кrypjakevycha NАN Ukrajiny. (Vyp. 5 ; 6 ; 9). (in Ukr.).
Stanisław, B. (Ed.). (1994). Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku. Wrocław ; Warszawa ; Kraków ; Gdańsk : PAN. (Т. 22). (in Pol.).
Urbańczyk, S. (Ed.). (1965–1969). Słownik staropolski. Kraków : Instytut Jȩzyka Polskiego PAN. (T. 5) (in Pol.).
Smolij, V. (2003). Chynnist Lytovskykh Statutiv, magdeburzkoho prava ta yurydychnykh norm Polshchi [Validity of Lithuanian Regulations, right of Magdebourg and legal rules of Poland]. Paton, B. (Ed.). History of Ukrainian culture (Vol. 3) (in Ukr.).
Snetova, G. (1984). Russkaya istoricheskaya terminologiya [Russian historical terminology]. Kalinin : Izdatel`stvo KGU (in Russ.).
Sorokoletov, F. (1970). Istoriya voyennoy leksiki v russkom yazyke XI–XVII vv. [History of military lexic in Russian language of XI–XVII century] Leningrad : Nauka (in Russ.).
Tymchenko, Je. (2003). Materialy do slovnyka pysemnoi ta knyzhnoi ukrainskoi movy XV–XVIII st. [Materials for dictionary of literal and book Ukrainian language of XV–XVIII century]. Kyiv ; N. J. : Litopys-ХХ. (Kn. 2) (in Ukr.).
Tokar, V. (1975). Professional’no-tekhnicheskaya leksika Klimentiya Zinoviyeva. [Professional and technical lexic of Climenij Zinovijev]. Actual problems of historical lexicology of lenaguages of Eastern Europe: thesises of report and message at union scientific conference. Dnepropetrovsk (in Russ.).
Kotljar, M. (Ed.). (1990). Torhivlia na Ukraini XVI – seredyna XVII stolittia. Volyn i Naddniprianshchyna [Trade in Ukraine in XVI – middle XVII century. Volyn and Dnipro region]. Kyiv : Naukova dumka (in Ukr.).
Khobzej, N. (2019). Dialektna leksykohrafiia sohodni [Modern dialect lexicography]. Natalia Khobzej. Scientific studies: dialectology, ethnical lingustic, lexicography. L`viv (in Ukr.).
Jakovenko, N. (1983). O yazykovom sostave grodskikh i zemskikh knig Pravoberezhnoy Ukrainy na protyazhenii XVII veka. [About language stuff of urban and country books of Right coast Ukraine during XVII century]. Historygraphical and historylogical problems of homeland history: sources of social and economic history of Russia and Ukraine in XVII–XIX centuries. Dnepropetrovsk (in Russ.).
Jakovenko, N. (2002). Paralelnyi svit. Doslidzhennia z istorii uiavlen ta idei v Ukraini XVI–XVII st. [Parallel world. Investigations of history of imaginations and ideas in Ukraine in XVI–XVII ct.] Kyiv : Krytykа (in Ukr.).