FOLK TOPOGRAPHIC NAMES ON A DIALECT BACKGROUND

Abstract

Introduction. The need to study local onyms is due to both linguistic factors (in the process of historical development, some names disappear, they are replaced by new ones, others change their form), and extralinguistic factors. Despite the significant achievements of Ukrainian onomastics, microtoponymy as a subsystem of the proper vocabulary remains fragmentarily studied. The study of topographic names of the Shpolyanska community as a component of the Cherkasy region is scientifically justified and necessary, due
to filling regional gaps in Ukrainian onomastics, deepens the identification of the regularities of the
formation and functioning of microtoponyms and at the same time serves as a source of reconstruction of the linguistic, historical and cultural memory of the local community.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to represent the repertoire of microtoponyms attested in the
dialects of the Shpolyanska community of the Zvenyhorod district of the Cherkasy region, to present models of the creation of terrain names, to clarify the specifics of their nomination and the semantics of the motivational bases, as well as the reflection of dialectal features in the analysed linguistic units.
Methods. The work uses the field method (fixation of microtoponyms in the live speech of speakers of
the dialects). The collected material is inventoried, systematized and classified using the descriptive method. Structural-word-formation and semantic-motivational analysis are used to determine the formal types of microtoponyms, methods of nomination and to clarify the motives for creating appellation, vidonymic and vidanthroponymic names.
Main results of the study. The research analysed the formal structure, motives, methods, and means of nominating microtoponyms, determined by the natural features of objects, the peculiarities of the population's economic activity, and anthroponymic factors. Following the semantics of the motivational bases, vidonymic and vidappellative microtoponyms were distinguished.
It is proven that a characteristic feature of the microtoponymic system of the Shpolyan region is a significant number of vidanthroponymic names motivated by surnames and names local residents. Such names reflect the specifics of the folk worldview, mechanisms of unofficial nomination and preserve information about the linguistic personality, social relations and local history of the region.
Originality. For the first time in scientific literature, the functioning of microtoponyms in the oral speech of the residents of Shpolyanshchyna has been traced, the degree of their preservation, variation, semantic evolution and connection with extralinguistic factors has been clarified.
Conclusions and specific proposals of the author. The microtoponyms of the region reflect the national pattern of this class of onyms: a close connection with appellative vocabulary, other toponyms, anthroponyms, the expansion of landmark names, the tendency to univerbation, reduction and economy of linguistic means, as well as the semantic rethinking of the names of disappeared realities. The microtoponymy of Shpolyanshchyna reflects the phonetic and morphological features of the southern zone of
the Middle-upper-Dnieper dialects. This gives grounds to consider the microtoponyms of the studied area as a significant source for studying the linguistic picture of the world, historical memory and ethnocultural specificity of the local community, which becomes a prospect for further scientific research.