THE HISTORY OF NOMINATION OF THE VERB, OF VERB FORMS AND CATEGORIES IN THE POLISH LANGUAGE

Abstract

Introduction. The rapid development of science and technology leads to the emergence of new terminalunits for the designation of certain objects of the surrounding reality. Linguists face a number of tasks related to terminological nomination, and during the selection of a successful term, information on historical and onomasiological terminology takes pride of place, therefore, the study of the formation of industry terminology is pleased with the increasing attention of scientists.                                                                                        In particular, the study of the history of the formation of the metamorphosis of Polish linguistics requires detailed and professional commentary, taking into account the current state of Polish language science, as well as consideration of ways to nominate linguistic terms, which determines the relevance of our research.
Purpose. Consider the history of the formation and functioning of nominations for the designation of the verb, its forms and grammatical categories in the Polish language. The implementation of the goal required the
fulfillment of such tasks: 1) to put together a body of special lexemes to designate the verb, its forms and
grammatical categories from grammars, textbooks of Polish and other foreign languages, linguistic and lexicographical works from the XVI-th century and to our time; 2) describe the peculiarities of the nomination
process of selected linguistic terms, taking into account outer and inner language factors; 3) identify productive
ways of nominations.
Results. Linguistic terminology in Polish already existed in the 16th century, despite the fact that the language of science for a long time was Latin. During the Middle Polish period (early XVI century-80s. XVIII century) along with borrowed terms from Latin, tracing-paper terms were used (verbum, genus activum), and terms derived from the terminology of commonly used words (słowo «verb», obyczaj «verb form»), terms formed with specific formants were less common (nieskończonek «infinitive»).
In the New Polish period (80s. XVIII st. – 1939) with deepening knowledge of the language, linguistic terminology was actively replenished with lexemes due to morphological terminology formation based on specific
formants (czasowanie «conjugation», bezokolicznik «infinitive»). During this era, modern nominations were
formed for the designation of grammatical categories of the form (aspekt), state (strona), method (tryb), the development of the adverbial participle and the participle as special forms of the verb took place. Consideration
of the modern linguistic terminology system of the Polish language made it possible to assert that the names of
grammatical forms and categories of the verb were assimilated from the New Polish period. However, not all
attempts to replace word combinations with one-word derivatives have been successful, for example, terms
teraźniejszość «present time». It was not possible to completely supplant the borrowed terms; identified
nominations that had a long tradition and were preserved in the status of internationalisms: verbum, infinitiwus / infinitivus etc.
Originality. The study was the first to carry out a comprehensive historical study of the nominations of
special lexemes for the designation of the verb, its forms and grammatical categories in the Polish language.
Conclusion. The formation and evolution of the nominations of the verb, its grammatical categories and
forms depended on such intralingual (the disappearance of certain forms, the evolution of the participle, the formation of the corresponding grammatical categories) and outeralingual (the influence of the ancient tradition,
the deepening of knowledge in the field of linguistics, the role of specific individuals, the superiority of puristic or international traditions) factors. Borrowing and terminology in the Middle Polish period were productive,
and morphological terminology formation – in New Polish period. We see the prospect of research in the further study of Polish linguistic terminology against the background of other Slavic languages.