VERBAL NOUNS THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE WORD-FORMATION PARADIGM

Abstract

The article describes the word-formation types of verbal nouns (procedural nouns, agentive nouns, names of the result of action, names of the object of action, and names of the place of action) through the prism of their components of lexical-semantic and word-formation-functional models. It is found that the meaning of word-formation models of verbal nouns is determined by the categorical meanings of the noun that the forming verbal stems acquire in the process of word formation. Each of these five categories is a separate way of transforming verb semantics into noun semantics and all of them together are segmented into the word-formation paradigm of verb nouns. The purpose of the article is to clarify the patterns of the creation of word-formation models of the verbal nouns of the Ukrainian literary language in structural-semantic and functional aspects.
The modification processes of the interaction of derivative and formative units as parts of speech, the functionality of word-forming meanings, paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations between wordforming units, word-forming types, and lexicalization of the nominative in the linguistic landscape are investigated.
It was found that the meaning of derivatives is not always a simple sum of the meanings of the word-forming base and the word-forming model, because polysemantic word-forming bases are often included in a word-formation with different incomplete meanings.
The analysis showed that the word-formation paradigm of verbal nouns in the modern Ukrainian literary language gives grounds to assert that the formative verbal bases in the word-formation process lose their grammaticalization and are deprived of verbal semantics. With the help of a new nominal word-formant, they express a new lexical and grammatical meaning and produce a new functionalstylistic dominant, that is, a transference occurs, in particular a complete morphological one. When creating verbal nouns, the transposition involves the word-formation processes of desemization and semization.
It has been found that the formation of nouns from verbs should be characterized as a transpositional (mutational) type of lexical derivation, since the verbal stem turns into a noun, changing its lexical meaning. The grammatical categories of the verb associated with the verbal inflectional paradigm, such as tense, person, mood, number, are completely neutralized in the process of word formation. As for the categorical meanings, the carriers of which are the entire stem (transitivity/intransitivity) or its individual elements that can be preserved in the word formation (type), for each word-formation model it should be separately determined whether they are neutralized or transformed in a certain way. The motivation of the word-formative (semantic) meanings of the wordformative model or word-formative basis must be distinguished from the numerous lexical meanings of the word-formative bases, but not derivatives, as a partial, individual factor. A word-formative model can be considered only that nominative that regularly appears in the semantics of all or a significant number of derivatives formed according to this model, regardless of the meanings of the word-formative bases.