Linguistic Bulletin (Movoznavchyi Visnyk)
The Collection of Scientific Papers “Linguistic Bulletin” is a peer-reviewed professional publication that serves as a platform for disseminating the results of fundamental and applied linguistic research. Scope and Topics The journal covers a wide range of fields in modern linguistics: Theory of Nomination and General Linguistics, Lexicology, Phraseology, and Onomastics, Terminology and Word Formation, Grammar and Linguostylistics, Discourse Studies, Psycholinguistics, and Sociolinguistics, Cognitive and Communicative Linguistics, Translation Studies and Applied Linguistics, Dialectology, History of Language, and Etymology. The publication also features reviews of monographs, dictionaries, and scientific collections, as well as chronicles of academic conferences, fostering active scientific dialogue. Audience: For a broad range of humanities specialists: educators, researchers, postgraduate students, undergraduates, and all those interested in current issues in linguistics. General Information Year of Foundation: 2006 Abstracting and Indexing Databases: “Ukrainika Naukova” (irbis-nbuv.gov.ua) ISSN: 2226-4388 (Print) | Media Register Extract: R30-01518 (Decision № 24/614 dated 04.12.2023) Professional Registration: Included in the List of Scientific Professional Editions of Ukraine (Category “B”) by Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine № 928 (11.06.2026). Specialty (SAC): В11 Philology Scientific Profile of the Publication (Cluster): Humanities and Arts Frequency: Semi-annually (twice a year) Languages of Publication: Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian, Serbian, Croatian, English, German, Hungarian, Turkish, Azerbaijani. Founder: Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy (EDRPOU 02125622) Founder ROR: https://ror.org/009apaj69 Publisher DOI Prefix: 10.31651 Editorial Board & Contacts Editor-in-Chief: Valentyna Kalko, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor (Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy, Ukraine) Executive Secretary: Tetiana Shcherbyna, PhD in Philology, Associate Professor (Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy, Ukraine) Editorial Office Address: 81 Shevchenko Blvd., Cherkasy, 18031, Ukraine Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy Phone: +38067 282 21 97 Email: kumpl.kafedra@ukr.net Website (URL): https://ling-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua
Черкаський національний університет імені Богдана Хмельницького
FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF COMPILING AND READING A THEMATIC ANTHOLOGY OF DIALECT TEXTS “BREAD IN THE FOLK SAYINGS OF VINNYTSIA REGION”
Аbstract. Introduction. The article highlights the experience of compiling a thematic anthology of dialect texts “Bread in the folk sayings of Vinnytsia region” (Vinnytsia, 2026), which reproduces the textual palette of Podolia people’s knowledge about bread in ritual and nominative aspects. The book contains records from 175 dialects of Vinnytsia region, which form the Central Podolian dialects of the southwestern dialect of the Ukrainian language. The texts are structured according to the thematic principle: one question of the program is represented by dozens of answers-microtexts of informants about the methods and features of baking bread, relevant warnings, about ceremonial breads, about the features of cutting, consuming and storing bread, etc. Most of the printed texts in the book also have a QR code that provides access to audio recordings of spoken language. The purpose of the article іs to prove the high heuristic potential of the thematic anthology of dialect texts through modeling the most complete corpus of knowledge about kalach as an obligatory attribute of the calendar rituals of the Podolia people. Results. It has been established that the functional load of kalach is very broad: honoring deities, dead relatives, animals, visiting older family members, appeasing mythical creatures, and giving gifts to carolers. The ethnolinguistic study of kalach as a ritual cookie revealed, firstly, the functioning in Podolian dialects of a wide range of names for varieties of kalach, motivated by their role, external characteristics, function, features of preparation and consumption. The analysis demonstrated the extensive semantic structure of the lexeme kalach: in dialect texts about calendar rituals, 12 semes are attested, which are grouped around three symbolic contexts – sacrificial, congratulatory, and symbols of a prosperous life. A complex set of rational-practical and ritual-magical actions associated with the kalach, as well as customs and beliefs in the context of the calendar rituals of the Podolia people, is outlined. They emerged as a transformation of the pagan worldviews of our ancestors. Originality and conclusion. It has been proven that a thematic anthology of dialect texts provides the researcher with the most complete information about the phenomenon or subject under study, about the territorial behavior of the analyzed names, the possibility of fully modeling the semantic structure of lexemes, and learning the ethnolinguistic characteristics of concepts that are significant for the culture of the people.
Copyright (c) 2026 Linguistic Bulletin (Movoznavchyi Visnyk) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
SPATIAL PROPRIATIVE NOMENCLATURE OF M. KHANENKO’S «DIARY»
Introduction. The article addresses the issues of regional historical microtoponymy, which remains insufficiently developed due to its fluid nature and tight connection with local dialects, history, and cultural identity. The source base is the Diary of Mykola Khanenko (first half of the 18th century), an important ego-document containing a dense layer of proper names designating small geographic objects that are often absent from other written records. Purpose. The study aims to comprehensively analyze and classify the microtoponymic space recorded in M. Khanenko’s Diary within a diachronic framework Methods. A complex of general and specialized linguistic methods is applied, including descriptiveanalytical, lexical-semantic, historical-comparative, contextual, discourse, and component analysis, alongside source-studying and comparative-cartographic methods involving 19th-century statistical data and maps. Results. The study categorizes the extracted microtoponyms into narrow onymic classes (oronyms, sepulcronyms, prepuntonyms, agroonyms, potamonyms, remigationyms, molinonyms, pontonyms, pyleonyms, domonyms, arconyms, and drimonyms). It differentiates stable regional microtoponymy from individual, situational spatial markers. Authentic phonetic and lexical variations of the 18th-century live speech [e.g., Вора (Vora), Імшицкое (Imshitskoe), Доч (Doch)] are reconstructed, and original etymological and historical-cultural commentaries are provided for specific configurations [such as the sepulcronym Могила Дѣвка (Mohyla Dievka)]. Originality. The research overcomes the traditional fragmentation in studying the monument’s onomasticon and expands the boundaries of the term «microtoponym» by defining it as a hyperonym that can include adjacent classes (urbanonyms, pragmatonyms) under specific textual conditions. A rigorous methodological algorithm for verifying historical onymic material is developed to prevent the misinterpretation of «illusory oponyms» caused by archaic polysemy. Conclusion. Analyzing M. Khanenko’s Diary allows for the systematic integration of a unique microtoponymic layer of Eastern Polissia into scientific discourse and captures the author’s perception of foreign geographic spaces. Future research lies in utilizing other contemporary ego-documents to construct a comprehensive historical microtoponymic atlas of Hetmanate-era Ukraine.
FEATURES OF THE REFLECTION OF THE SOCIAL STATUS OF CORRESPONDENTS IN THE ETIQUETTE FORMULAS OF THE BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HETMAN STATE
Introduction. The social status of the communicants plays a major role in the selection of etiquette formulas in a business epistolary text. In the letter dialogue of representatives of class society, the corresponding linguistic phenomena perform the function of a social sign, reflecting the social realities inherent in a certain historical period. The purpose of the article is to characterize the features of the reflection of the social status of correspondents in the business correspondence of the Ukrainian Hetmanate of the second half of the 17th –middle 18th centuries. Results. It has been established that the main verbal way of conscious expression of the social status of the communicator is the standard etiquette formulas of the beginning and end of a business letter. The role of status is played by lexemes that determine the place of a person in the social structure (social honorifics, regulatives) or reproduce the hierarchical organization of the military-administrative institutions and religious community of that time (military ranks, administrative positions, church ranks). The considered etiquette formulas were a reflection of the social stratification of society in the second half of the 17th – middle18th centuries. They were formed on the basis of the norms of local customary law, as well as under the direct influence of the clerkship of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovy. The volume of initial vocative constructions, their filling with adjectives-intensifiers directly depended on the social status of the addressee. Thirdly, the studied sources confirm the existence in the business correspondence of the Hetmanate of a status asymmetry between the addressee and the addresser inherited from the previous era, which was manifested in the emphasized exaltation of the former and the self-humiliation of the latter expressed by etiquette formulas. At the same time, it was based not only on class or property inequality, but also on the author's desire to continue communication and achieve the set goal. Originality. The reflection of the social status of correspondents in the business correspondence of the Hetmanate was studied for the first time. Conclusions. The peculiarities of the social structure of the Ukrainian Hetmanate in the second half of the 17th – middle 18th centuries determined the functioning of a system of standard etiquette formulas of a business letter, which reflected the social stratification of that time with its vertical hierarchy.
CONJUNCTIONS OF SUBORDINATION IN THE MIDUPPERDNIEPER PATOIS
Introduction. The article regards the system of the subordination conjunctions found in the dialect texts in the MidUpperDnieper patois as well as the represented conjunctions diversity and its distinguished role in the spatial projection, considering its functioning in folk speech. The methods. The number of methods are employed: descriptive, modeling, contextual analysis, areal research, numeric calculations that pursued a complete system analysis of subordination conjunctions in the MidUpperDnieper patois. The purpose. The purpose of the investigation is to analyze the system of the subordination conjunctions in dialectal texts in the MidUpperDnieper patois, to specify their diversity and geographical features within the samples under consideration, to present their specific functioning in speaking, as well as their literary and regional components. Results. The analysis of subordination conjunctions in a text of speech enabled complete investigation of them as a system of units in the Mid Upper Dnieper areal. The constituents of the system, their diversity and polysemy in expressing various types of relations in compound syntactical constructions in different groups of the patois are characterized in detail and features typical for all and specific for separate groups are singled out. In the diversity of subordination conjunctions in the analyzed patois the ancient lexical units could be stated featuring the literary discreet composition of these conjunctions though it appears to be less accomplished andmore diversified that results from word building and phonetic diversity of the units under discussion. Originality. Text focus approach to analyzing subordination conjunctions enabled investigating their diversity in detail, its variability and polysemy towards expressing various types of semantic and syntactical relations in compound sentences with clauses as to different groups in the Mid Upper Dnieper patois, as well as distinguishing their typical and specific ways. Conclusion. The diversity of subordination conjunctions in the samples involves the ancient lexical units that generally reveal the conjunctions presented as a literary standard norm though these are fewer and more diversified due to word formative and phonetic variability that accounts for dialectally differentiated patois in the discussed samples in the opposition northern: central and western: central. Specific functioning of subordinate conjunctions in the Mid Upper Dnieper patois lies in their repetition for “adding” certain parts of sentence, with inclination to enforce the sense of utterance. It as well is revealed in the unfixed position of a single conjunction in the sentence clause and that of the complex conjunction components, either used in the same way. It also can be found in the implicit meaning of the clause that emerges due to focusing its meaning on the conjunction, or in multiple conjunction functions for expressing various semantic syntactical relations as well as in a broader conjunction diversity for revealing relations of time, condition and concession. Therefore, here adds a simultaneous usage of two subordination conjunctions and a reduction or a substitution of the components in complex conjunctions.
WESTERN EUROPEAN CHURCH AND RITUAL VOCABULARY IN NORTH UKRAINIAN BUSINESS MONUMENTS OF THE 16TH–17TH CENTURIES
Introduction. The paper examines the specifics of the use of words of confessional origin borrowed from Western European languages in Northern Ukrainian business documentation of the 16th–17th centuries. The purpose. To analyze the functional features and evolutionary changes of borrowed religious vocabulary based on the material of Northern Ukrainian business documents of the 16th–17th centuries. Main results of the study. The identified lexemes are classified into many lexical-semantic groups: names of positions and representatives of church leadership and persons involved in religion; lexemes denoting the titles of church ministers; names of people by religion; names of religious premises; names of attributes of church rites; in the names of religious books; names of church-administrative units and organizations. A significant part of the tokens of the studied thematic group has retained its original semantics and continues to be a component of the church lexicon. Some can also be used in other groups of vocabulary. Most tokens in the business text are used, some are used in stable expressions (боже уховай). Phonetic-graphic variants are due to the unstable spelling system of the time and the formation of the Ukrainian phonetic system in the outlined period. The methods.The methodological basis of the study was the descriptive method, the techniques of which - observation, generalization and classification - made it possible to identify foreign-language lexemes and divide them into lexical and semantic groups. The explanation of the factual material was carried out using the techniques of comparative and comparative-historical methods. Originality. The confessional vocabulary in business documents of the 16th-17th centuries of the Northern Ukrainian area is analyzed. Conclusions and specific suggestions of the author. The confessional vocabulary in the studied North Ukrainian monuments of official-business style is recorded fragmentarily, which is due to their administrative-legal specificity. At the same time, in a number of sources the specified layer of words is used frequently, in particular, terminological units of foreign origin. Borrowed nomens served mainly for the verbalization of Christian concepts. Names associated with the Orthodox tradition were integrated into the lexical system of the Ukrainian language in previous chronological periods - primarily during the Christianization of Rus and through the mediation of the Old Church Slavonic language. And the Catholic religious lexicon appeared in the Ukrainian language during the 16th–17th centuries as a result of the Ukrainian lands being part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
FUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL OF VERBAL-NOMINAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH LOCATIVE TYPE OF DETERMINATION
Introduction. In contemporary linguistics, the problem of the multi-level structure of the sentence as the most important communicative unit is acquiring exceptional relevance. Numerous recent linguistic studies are aimed at a systematic, multi-vector characterisation of the formal-syntactic, semanticsyntactic, and communicative-pragmatic dimensions of the sentence in their organic unity. The functional potential of sentences with various types of semantic determination, as projected onto the grammatical matrix in general and onto specifically actualised contexts in particular, requires careful examination. The present study is devoted to the analysis of sentences with a right-hand modifier in the form of a locative zone (Adv loc), with its inherent breadth of formal-grammatical organisation, semantic structure, and communicative-pragmatic specification. Purpose. The aim of the article is to comprehensively analyse, within the framework of the theoretical-pragmatic paradigm of the multi-level organisation of the sentence, the formal-syntactic, semantic-syntactic, and communicative-pragmatic universalism of specific representatives (submodels) of the structural model Sub + Praed + Adv loc, to trace their functional potential on the basis of quantitative calculations grounded in a continuous sampling (800,000 occurrences; 4,094 units recorded). Methods. In the course of the research, linguistic methods appropriate to the interpretive mechanism of the problem under analysis were applied, namely: the descriptive method, the method of quantitative calculation, contextual-interpretive analysis, and componential analysis. Results. The study focuses on a systematic formal-grammatical, semantic-syntactic, and communicative-pragmatic analysis of verbal-nominal constructions with spatial meaning, revealing their universalism at the levels of semantics, structure, and functional potential. According to the type of fillers occupying the right-hand position, the principal structural submodels of the structural model Sub + Praed + Adv (Nx) loc are identified: 1) Sub + Praed + Adv (Nx) loc and 2) Sub + Praed + Adv (Prep + Nx) loc, with subsequent delineation of their specific representatives – 1) Sub + Praed + Adv (Ninst) loc and 2) Sub + Praed + Adv (Prep + Ngen) loc, Sub + Praed + Adv (Prep + Ndat) loc, Sub + Praed + Adv (Prep + Nacc) loc, Sub + Praed + Adv (Prep + Ninst) loc, Sub + Praed + Adv (Prep + Nloс) loc – which undergo internal submodel differentiation [cf.: Sub + Praed + Adv (Prep + Nloс) → Sub + Praed + Adv (В/У + Nloс) loc, Sub + Praed + Adv (НА + Nloс) loc, Sub + Praed + Adv (ПО + Nloс) loc, Sub + Praed + Adv (ПРИ + Nloс) loс]. It is demonstrated that the expression of one or another variety of locative semantics may be carried both by verb-predicates – whose typical identifiers are the semes ‘statics’, ‘place of action’, ‘movement’ (‘directed movement’, ‘non-directed movement’), ‘concrete physical action’ (‘action of a dynamic character’, ‘action of a non-dynamic character’), ‘perception’ – and by right-hand modifiers, specifically prepositions (including derived ones) and case forms of semantically polyfunctional nouns. It is established that the identified criteria for determining locative semantics typically operate not in isolation but in unity, relevantly complementing one another and forming invariant meanings of different hierarchical levels – ‘place of action’, ‘direction of movement: source or goal’, ‘path of movement’ – as well as differentiated meanings: ‘action takes place within the bounds of a locative reference point’, ‘direction of movement into / towards the locative reference point’, ‘path of movement along the surface of a locative reference point that constitutes a space’, and others. Originality. On the basis of quantitative calculations – the validity of which is ensured by a continuous sampling of 4,094 units drawn from multi-genre texts totalling 800,000 occurrences – the functional potential of specific meaning segments of the invariant content plane ‘locativity’ has been established: ‘direction of movement: source or goal’, ‘path of movement’, and ‘place of action’, at the level of the structural submodels identified above and their specific representatives. The typology of explicators of static (139 structural models), directive (69 structural models), and transitive (24 structural models) meaning – totalling 232 structural submodels – as well as, in part, directive-static and transitive-static meaning, has been characterised in detail within the paradigm of semantic and quantitative approaches. Conclusions. Within the syntactic system of the Ukrainian language, verbal-nominal constructions with spatial meaning constitute a productive type, the complex actualiser of which is the structural model Sub + Praed + Adv loс. Its specific realisers – structural submodels of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd levels – are ranked according to various criteria: 1) the formal-grammatical structure of the right-hand modifier (nominal word form, prepositional-case form); 2) the meaning structure in the form of a chain hyperonymichyponymic determination; and 3) functional potential. The latter criterion is connected with the first two and determines, on the basis of the obtained statistical data, the active or inert degree of demand for specific representatives of a given hierarchical structural submodel.
DISTRIBUTION OF CONJUNCTIONS IN ADVERSATIVE COMPOUND SENTENCES
Introduction. The factors determining the functioning of particular conjunctions in adversative compound sentences of different semantics still remain a debatable issue and therefore require special investigation, which defines the relevance of the present study. The purpose. To investigate the conditions of conjunction usage in adversative compound sentences; to identify the factors influencing the choice of a particular conjunction; to determine the most frequently and least frequently used adversative conjunctions. The methods: descriptive method with the techniques of observation and interpretation, systematization and classification of linguistic phenomena; structural method, including transformational and component analysis techniques; cognitive analysis; quantitative calculations. Main results of the study. Adversative compound sentences in modern Ukrainian arise on the basis of various logical patterns: 1) sharp antithesis between predicative clauses; 2) substitution of an expected situation by an unexpected one; 3) limitation of the situation reflected in the first predicative clause; 4) inconsistency of situations in the predicative clauses; 5) compensation. The semantics of these sentences is formed by the lexical content of the predicative clauses and by the conjunctions connecting these clauses into a single construction. The use of particular conjunctions is determined by the logical pattern underlying the compound sentence. In constructions based on antithesis between the propositions expressed in the predicative clauses (proper adversative sentences), only the conjunction а is used. In adversative compound sentences based on substitution, the conjunctions а and але are used. Predicative clauses of constructions based on restrictive relations are predominantly connected by the conjunctions але and проте, less frequently by а, однак / одначе, and та. In adversative-concessive sentences, the conjunctions а, але, and проте usually occur, less frequently однак / одначе and та, and sporadically так. Constructions in which compensatory relations arise between predicative clauses are usually structured by the conjunction зате, and more rarely by але and проте. The most productive conjunctions in adversative compound sentences are а, але, and проте. Originality. Adversative compound sentences in modern Ukrainian have been analyzed on the basis of logical patterns, and the influence of the logic of opposition between situations of objective reality on the use of conjunctions in these sentences has been established. Conclusions and specific suggestions of the author. Adversative compound sentences in modern Ukrainian are formed on the basis of various logical patterns. The use of particular conjunctions is determined by the logical pattern underlying the adversative sentence. The most productive conjunctions in these sentences are а, але, and проте.
LEXICAL-SEMANTIC AND GENRE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE CHILDREN’S LULLABY IN THE LINGUOPRAGMATIC DISCOURSE OF WAR
Introduction. The article presents a comprehensive linguopragmatic analysis of the transformations within the Ukrainian lullaby genre under the influence of the full-scale war since 2022. It highlights the problem of how traditional short folklore forms react to extreme historical trauma and adapt to military discourse. The purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify the mechanisms of adaptation of traditional folklore forms to military discourse and to determine the role of the modern lullaby as a tool for psychological self-regulation and national mobilization. The methods. The methodology is based on a combination of discourse analysis, linguotextological study of the corpus of texts from the “Lullaby for the Dearest” contest, and pragmatic interpretation of linguistic units. Main results of the study. The research findings indicate a blurring of the genre boundaries of the lullaby, which, in wartime conditions, can take on the characteristics of a requiem, a prayer, or an incantation-curse. It was found that the use of diminutives for military-related objects and alarming phenomena performs a protective function, neutralizing the fear of death. The transformation of the addressee’s role is described: the child in the texts often appears not as an object of care, but as an active protector of the kin. The findings confirm the hypothesis about the evolution of the modern lullaby into a specific form of “lingual air defense” that performs a therapeutic role and ensures the preservation of national identity. Originality. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the introduction of a refined typology of lullabies based on the criterion of expanded addressee-orientation, grounded in M. Stepanenko's concept regarding the dynamics of language development during wartime. Conclusions and specific suggestions of the author. The obtained data have practical significance for further studies in ethnolinguistics and folkloristics; they can serve as a basis for developing psychological assistance methods based on the native word and folk culture.
COMMUNICATIVE TACTICS OF PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION IN EDUCATIONAL DISCOURSE
Introduction. Language unites the addresser and the addressee, ensures the construction of a shared reality, and facilitates mutually beneficial decision-making. Therefore, it is directly related to the persuasive function, implemented through manipulation and argumentation, which involves the interaction of various linguistic and discursive means. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of communicative tactics aimed at implementing persuasive influence in educational discourse. The research material consists of speech acts containing communicative influence, selected by continuous sampling from Ukrainian language video lessons published on the digital and blended learning platform “All-Ukrainian School Online”. Results. In implementing a persuasive strategy in educational discourse, educators employ five main tactics: 1) the formation of a positive emotional atmosphere, aimed at encouraging students’ active engagement through speech acts that create a favourable emotional background, enhancing confidence and enthusiasm; 2) neutral inducement, which involves indirect appeals and argumentation, contributing to the efficiency and speed of achieving results; 3) solidarization, which creates a sense of unity and involvement; 4) intimization, focused on building close and trusting relationships; 5) appeal to authority, which strengthens influence by referring to the opinions of well-known individuals and authoritative sources. Persuasive educational discourse presupposes compliance with requirements and achievement of results; it is aimed at uniting participants and creating a motivational field that facilitates the development of a shared vision and a common solution. Originality. Educational discourse is defined as institutionally regulated and socially standardized situations of communicative interaction between knowledge transmitters (lecturers, teachers, educational texts) and their recipients (students, pupils), which have informational, regulatory, and educational purposes. This interaction is oriented toward the co-creation of participants and is pragmatically directed at learners to achieve success in social life. Persuasiveness is interpreted as an optional textual-discursive category aimed at changing behaviour, evaluations, and views. Conclusion. In fact any use of language is associated with influence. Since it is extremely difficult to change existing beliefs or form new ones, persuasive communication in educational discourse should primarily aim to strengthen students’ positive attitudes toward acquiring knowledge, modify prejudiced perceptions, and stimulate interest. Language in the learning process is a powerful tool that contributes to the transformation of worldview orientations and influences the system of beliefs and values.
CONCEPTUAL METAPHORICAL MODELS IN THE ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATION OF CINEMATIC MEDIA DISCOURSE
Introduction. The rapid development of digital journalism and the popularization of filmrelated texts in the media space necessitate a comprehensive study of metaphorical images as tools for conceptualizing creative activity. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to explore the linguocognitive aspects of translating English metaphors within the cinematic discourse. Purpose. The study aims to investigate the functional characteristics of conceptual metaphorical models in English-language media texts about cinematography and to analyze the strategies for their rendering in Ukrainian translation. Methodology. The study is conducted within the framework of a cognitive-discursive approach, which allows for considering metaphor as a cognitive mechanism for interpreting reality and a strategic tool for media communication. The applied approach enables the identification of the interconnection between the linguistic form of a metaphor, its conceptual content, and its pragmatic function in the context of modern film journalism. Results. Within the cognitive approach, metaphor is defined as a mode of experience conceptualization based on the projection of knowledge between domains. It has been established that the translation of metaphors in film journalism is a complex process of reproducing the conceptual model of the source text. It is proved that the success of translational decisions depends on considering the pragmatic function of the metaphor, its role in shaping the author’s intentions, its emotional impact on the recipient, and the overall semantic organization of the media text. The main types of correspondences have been identified: preservation, replacement, or modification of the source domain of the metaphorical model. Originality. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematization of translation strategies for conventional metaphors based on contemporary English-language media texts about cinematography. For the first time, the level of preservation of conceptual content and cultural associations of metaphorical images in translation has been assessed from the perspective of cognitive-discursive analysis. A typology of translational transformations has been substantiated, driven by discrepancies in linguistic worldviews, cultural contexts, and the specifics of film discourse as a specialized sphere of media communication. Conclusions. The study demonstrates that in modern media texts about cinematography, particularly those devoted to the positive representation of actors, conceptual metaphorical models dominate, objectifying the image of the film artist through sacred, animalistic, socio-hierarchical, cosmological, and axiological domains of experience. It is established that models of conventional metaphors in cinematic discourse are predominantly preserved in Ukrainian translation, which is due to a shared sociocultural experience and the universality of cognitive structures. At the same time, in rare cases, translational transformations are applied to achieve functional-communicative equivalence, aimed at adapting the image to the norms of the Ukrainian language and the recipient’s culture of perception.
TEACHING ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN LEGAL TRANSLATION AS A KIND OF SPECIALIZED TRANSLATION
For today’s Ukraine it is important to develop legal linguistics and legal translation. The present-day political situation and striving of the country to become an EU member-state demands coordinating of existing rights and duties of people with the ones accepted in the EU. Provision of a high-quality translation at all level of legal communication becomes essential. Hence, there is the need for law students, students studying international relations and students who are future translators to master the legal language – the language of law. The topicality of the research is caused by the fact that legal translation is a new branch developing in Ukraine which is still working on theoretical and practical foundations of law linguistics and translation and needs a deeper understanding of mechanics of legal translation. The aim of this study is to look through translation transformations used in translation of legal terminology within an English-Ukrainian/Ukrainian-English pair of languages. The paper also offers a model of practical exercises for teaching legal translation at a university level. The results of the work show that a more spread kind of legal translation in Ukraine is written limited to the translation of legal documents of various kinds. The peculiarities of both written legal translation and oral legal translation are defined by differences in legal vocabulary and syntactic structures of English and Ukrainian. Special attention should be paid to terminological collocability, law realities, law terms of Latin and French origin.
SPECIFICS OF TRANSLATING NUMERONYMS: LINGUISTIC ASPECT
Introduction. The rapid digitalization of communication and the integration of languages into the global scientific and technological space have contributed to the emergence of innovative linguistic units aimed at language economy. Among them, numeronyms ‒ lexical formations combining alphabetic and numeric components ‒ have become widespread in IT, business, political, and online discourse. Despite their active functioning, their translation into Ukrainian remains insufficiently systematized in modern translation studies. Purpose. The article aims to investigate the structural and semantic characteristics of numeronyms and to determine effective linguistic strategies for their adequate rendering in English-Ukrainian translation, taking into account the specifics of the recipient language. Methods. The research is based on a complex of general scientific and specialized linguistic methods, including descriptive analysis, structural and semantic analysis, contrastive analysis of English and Ukrainian, functional-pragmatic approach, and elements of translation analysis used to systematize translation strategies. Results. The paper defines the linguistic nature of numeronyms and classifies them into three types such as quantitative (alphanumeric contractions), phonetic-based, and conceptual numeronyms. Their cognitive, marking, and expressive functions are identified. The study outlines key translation strategies such as direct borrowing and transliteration, explicatory (descriptive) translation, morphological adaptation and calquing, and compensatory transformation in informal discourse. It is established that quantitative numeronyms often function as international graphic codes and may be preserved in translation, whereas phonetic numeronyms pose greater difficulties due to differences in phonological systems. Originality. The article provides a comprehensive linguistic and translation-oriented analysis of numeronyms as a hybrid, polyfunctional phenomenon of digital communication and systematizes translation strategies depending on discourse type and target audience. Conclusions. Translating numeronyms requires decoding their internal structure, determining their semantic and pragmatic function, and selecting a context-sensitive strategy. The author suggests preserving original forms in professional IT and business discourse, while applying explicatory or adaptive strategies in public and general texts. Further research should focus on developing a genre-based typology of translation solutions and examining numeronyms in intercultural communication.
PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATING LEXICAL UNITS IN INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS UNDER DIGITALIZATION
Introduction. The article analyzes the materials and texts of grant programs and identifies numerous terminological collocations and standard formulations that function within the institutional discourse of the European Union. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the translation features of lexical units in international grant program texts, as well as to substantiate the role and significance of digitalization processes in the contemporary scientific, educational, and administrative environment, which facilitates communication between participants from different countries. Methods. The study employs descriptive and comparative methods. Elements of contextual analysis are also used to examine the functioning of terms. Results. It has been established that some terms lack full equivalents in the Ukrainian educational context. It has been emphasized that the most common methods of rendering non-equivalent lexis include transcoding, descriptive translation, calquing, and analogy. It has been found that anglicisms have acquired the status of normative units of the Ukrainian literary language and are actively used in contemporary usage. It has also been revealed that the project activities are inherently interdisciplinary. Particular attention has been paid to Erasmus+ projects, specifically under the KA2 action “Capacity Building in Higher Education,” including the KA2 DEFEP project – 101083143 “Distance Education for Future: Best EU Practices in Response to the Requests of Modern Higher Education Seekers and the Labor Market”. Interdisciplinary collaboration has enabled comprehensive improvement of the distance education system in higher education institutions and enhanced professional competencies of academic and administrative staff. Originality. Attention was paid to translation differences and difficulties. The terms and terminological collocations “stakeholder,” “deliverables,” “deadline,” “milestones,” “learning performance,” and “flexible learning pathways” have been analyzed. Conclusion. EU programs are of significant practical importance for the economic development of our country. Prospects for further research lie in expanding the terminological apparatus of international projects, conducting an in-depth analysis of translation strategies for new terms, and examining their adaptation in the context of digitalization/
PRAGMATIC MARKERS OF MANIPULATIVE INFLUENCE IN UKRAINIAN ONLINE DISCOURSE (BASED ON NEWS PUBLICATIONS ABOUT BLACKOUTS)
Introduction. Modern media discourse is undergoing significant transformations, evolving from a mere information source into an active instrument for shaping social consciousness. In the context of the current “attention economy” and time deficits, headlines serve as self-sufficient discourse units that perform primary event framing and anchor specific evaluative frames in the recipient’s subconscious. Crisis situations, such as massive power outages in Ukraine, provide a fertile ground for manipulative influence through pragmatic marking. Purpose. The article aims to identify and systematize pragmatic markers of manipulative influence in Ukrainian online news publications concerning blackouts. Methods. The research is based on pragmatic and discourse-analytical approaches combined with qualitative content analysis. The study material consists of a corpus of 60 headlines from popular Ukrainian online media outlets (such as “Oboz.ua”, “UNIAN”, “1+1”, “24 kanal”) published between October 2025 and January 2026. Results. Drawing on the speech act theory developed by J. Austin and J. Searle, the study analyzes headlines as speech acts possessing specific illocutionary force and perlocutionary effects. Ten types of pragmatic markers were identified and classified: emotional-evaluative, aspectual-dynamic, quantitative, collective-spatial, predictive-interrogative, punctuation, epistemic, attributive-quotation, modal, and directive-warning. The analysis shows that manipulative potential is realized through indirect speech acts, where formal representatives (statements of fact) function as covert directives or expressives aimed at emotional contagion. Originality. The novelty of the research lies in the systematic analysis of specific linguistic tools that form the interpretative framework of crisis events in the contemporary digital environment. The study demonstrates how pragmatic marking functions as a “perlocutionary trap”, where the strategic use of markers like alarmism or revelation creates an emotional background that guides the reader’s further interpretation of the news. Conclusion. Empirical research confirms that pragmatic marking in media discourse about blackouts is a systemic phenomenon used to implement a strategy of “anxious expectation”. Manipulation in these texts is often “soft” and implicit, as it relies on linguistic means that appear as natural parts of the news while inducing a sense of inevitability, crisis, and loss of control.
WATER SPACES AS A METAPHORICAL SOURCE DOMAIN IN LINA KOSTENKO’S COLLECTION "WIND FROM MARS"
Introduction. The study explores the verbal representation of water spaces in the newest poetry collection by Lina Kostenko, “Wind from Mars” (2026). While her poetic language has been studied from various stylistic and conceptual perspectives, her latest book remains unexamined. Water metaphors carry a high axiological load, serving as crucial tools for modeling the author’s poetic vision of the world. Purpose. The main objective of this article is to determine the exact verbal components of the water space domain in “Wind from Mars”, identify the primary target domains of these metaphorical transitions, and evaluate their pragmatic significance within the overall structure of the collection. Methods. To achieve these goals, a comprehensive methodology is applied, integrating contextualinterpretative, cognitive-metaphorical, and comparative approaches. Cognitive modeling helps differentiate between source and target conceptual domains, mapping the trajectories of metaphorical extension. Results. A comparative analysis reveals a striking asymmetry. While land-related lexemes like “forest” and “steppe” are used literally, water vocabulary is predominantly utilized as a source domain. The study reveals that the “sea + rivers” binary image is deeply rooted in biblical discourse, carrying profound cognitive weight. For instance, the “sea of bitter misfortune” evokes the Book of Exodus, which abruptly shifts into the “flood of Babylonian rivers”, an allusion to Psalm 137 (136), which the author uses to conceptualize the catastrophic scale of modern war and mass displacement. Furthermore, the image of «swamp» is entirely metaphorical, standing for social stagnation, passivity, and existential alienation. Conversely, destructive historical upheavals are verbalized through hyper-dynamic images like “whirlpools” and “vortices”, which embody unpredictability and danger. Originality. This paper represents the first targeted, comprehensive research focusing on the aquatic vocabulary of Lina Kostenko’s latest book “Wind from Mars” as a metaphorical source domain, demonstrating both the continuity of her poetic style and the emergence of new pragmatic functions triggered by recent crises. Conclusion. The study demonstrates that water spaces constitute a vital source domain in “Wind from Mars”. Unlike terrestrial images, aquatic vocabulary functions primarily on a metaphorical level, relying on binary oppositions: movement versus stasis, and normal versus abnormal space. These structures effectively articulate the yearning for moral clarity and purposeful movement.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL ARCHETYPE OF MOTHER EARTH UNDER MARTIAL LAW
Introduction. Traditionally, the image of Ukraine in the national consciousness has been deeply rooted in the peaceful, agricultural archetype of Mother Earth – an idyllic, passive “nurturer” and a sacred space of harmony. However, the existential threat of full-scale military invasion disrupts this pastoral chronotope. In contemporary discourse, the aggressor is conceptualized as a mythological multi-faced Serpent (Zmiy Gorynych), a force of chaos threatening the nation’s ontological foundations. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to trace the linguoculturological and semantic shifts within this archetype in Ukrainian textual space under the extreme stress of ongoing warfare. Methods. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach bridging philosophy, psychology, and linguistics, drawing on C. G. Jung’s theory of the Great Mother’s ambivalence, alongside Ukrainian geopsychical concepts (M. Shlemkevych, O. Kulchytskyi). The linguistic framework relies on conceptual, linguoculturological, and distributive analyses of texts ranging from classical Ukrainian literature (T. Shevchenko, P. Tychyna, O. Dovzhenko, V. Symonenko, L. Kostenko) to contemporary prose and poetry (O. Zabuzhko, T. Horikha Zernia, K. Kalytko). Results. The analysis reveals that the existential threat has activated the «dark» or wrathful aspect of the Great Mother archetype – not as an expression of evil, but as a fierce protective force. The research traces a clear evolution of this concept: from the classical tradition that establishes the sacred value of the land, through its integration into modern urban spaces, to its complete militarization as a defensive force. Originality. Classical Tradition: Establishes the sacred value of the land, portraying enemy aggression as a sin against nature. O. Zabuzhko, T. Horikha Zernia: Transition the archetype into contemporary and urban landscapes, where the soil acts as a living repository of generational memory that rejects foreign occupation. K. Kalytko: Represents the culmination of this militarization, where the land strips away all victimhood, transforms into a “Warrior Earth” and actively destroys the invader (literally “chewing and digesting” the enemy). Conclusions. The Ukrainian linguistic worldview has rapidly adapted to wartime realities, shifting the semantic framework of the «Earth» concept from agro-pastoral passivity to military-sacred subjectivity. Future research prospects include applying corpus linguistics to analyze these shifts in media and military discourses, as well as conducting comparative studies against Western European perceptions of wartime landscapes.
EMOTIVE SIGNALS OF DETECTIVE NARRATIVE: A LINGUOSTYLISTIC PERSPECTIVE
Introduction. The article focuses on the linguostylistic representation of emotive signals in detective narrative and their role in the formation of narrative tension in Agatha Christie’s short stories. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing interest in the interaction between cognitive, emotive and stylistic mechanisms of literary narrative as well as by the insufficient attention paid to the stylistic realization of emotive triggers in detective fiction within contemporary narratological and cognitive-poetic studies. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to identify and analyse the linguostylistic means used to represent emotive signals in detective narrative and to determine their role in modelling the reader’s emotional and cognitive response. Material and methods. The study is based on several short stories from Agatha Christie’s collection Poirot Investigates. The methodological framework combines linguocognitive analysis with elements of narratological, stylistic and reader-response approaches. Results. The paper differentiates between the notions of tension and tenseness: tension is interpreted as the reader’s cognitive-emotional state, whereas tenseness is viewed as a textual property aimed at generating and intensifying such a state. Depending on the type of narrative organization, three dominant reader reactions are distinguished: curiosity, suspense and bewilderment. These reactions correlate respectively with retrospective, prospective and recognition-based narrative structures. Particular attention is paid to emotive signals understood as textual descriptions of characters’ emotional states represented either explicitly through direct nomination or implicitly through speech peculiarities, behavioural reactions, gestures, facial expressions, inner speech and other verbal or nonverbal manifestations. The study demonstrates that emotive signals function not only as means of character representation but also as mechanisms of emotional programming of the reader’s perception. The analysis shows that different types of emotive signals tend to be realized through different stylistic devices. Signals of curiosity are predominantly represented by interrogative constructions, repetitions, gradation and dialogic interaction. Signals of suspense are formed through emotionally marked vocabulary, acoustic and visual imagery, aposiopesis, repetitions and rhythm deceleration. Signals of bewilderment are often verbalized through syntactic disruptions, rhetorical questions, contrastive structures, emotionally expressive verbs and explicit markers of cognitive disorientation. The study reveals that linguostylistic devices perform not merely expressive but also narrative and cognitive functions. They intensify uncertainty, create informational gaps, regulate narrative tempo and stimulate inferential processes in the reader’s mind. The paper also emphasizes that emotive signals interact with emotive situations and emotive topics, which together constitute a complex system of narrative tension in detective fiction. Originality. The originality of the research lies in the integration of linguostylistic, cognitive and narratological approaches to the analysis of emotive triggers in detective narrative. The article contributes to the development of affective narratology and cognitive stylistics by demonstrating how stylistic means participate in modelling the reader’s emotional involvement and interpretative activity. Conclusion. The study demonstrates that emotive signals constitute an important linguostylistic mechanism of narrative tension in detective fiction and play a significant role in shaping the reader’s emotional and cognitive engagement with the text. The interaction of emotive signals with emotive situations and emotive topics forms a complex system of emotional influence that intensifies suspense, curiosity and bewilderment within detective narrative. The results obtained may be used in further studies devoted to narrative tension, cognitive poetics, emotivity of literary texts and stylistic organization of detective discourse.
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY AS A COMPONENT OF YURII SHCHERBAK’S IDIOSTYLE: A CORPUS-BASED APPROACH
Introduction. One of the areas contemporary linguistics is the study of the creative heritage of authors who have shaped significant cultural and intellectual traditions and produced multi-genre textual material suitable for multidimensional linguistic analysis. Among such figures is Yurii Shcherbak, a Ukrainian writer, diplomat, publicist, epidemiologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, and public figure. His work is characterized by terminological density, the combination of medical and literary discourses, and an intellectual manner of writing, which makes the study of medical terminology within the structure of his individual style particularly relevant. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to identify the peculiarities of the functioning of medical terminology in Yurii Shcherbak’s literary discourse, to determine its semantic, figurative, and discursive load, and to demonstrate the potential of a corpus-based approach for investigating the role of specialized vocabulary in shaping an intellectualized authorial style. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the corpus-based approach, which makes it possible to objectively identify the core elements of the author’s language and its dominant concepts, trace the functioning of specialized vocabulary, and reveal the specific features of the writer’s idiostyle. The study also employs linguostylistic, semantic, contextual, and discursive methods of analysis. Results. The study has shown that medical terminology in Yurii Shcherbak’s works performs not only a nominative but also a symbolic, emotional-expressive, philosophical, and concept-forming function. Terms belonging to hematology, immunology, epidemiology, pathology, and radiation medicine undergo processes of determinologization in literary texts, acquiring additional figurative and metaphorical meanings. Medical vocabulary becomes a means of representing war, social degradation, moral trauma, fear, and spiritual resistance, thereby forming a complex system of conceptual images and semantic dominants. It has been demonstrated that the use of specialized terminology intellectualizes the writer’s literary discourse and produces an effect of combining scientific precision with artistic imagery. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive interpretation of medical terminology as an important feature of Yurii Shcherbak’s individual authorial style and in the application of a corpus-based approach to identifying patterns in the functioning of specialized vocabulary in the writer’s literary discourse. Conclusions. Medical terminology in Yurii Shcherbak’s works performs an important text-forming and meaning-organizing role, becoming one of the key means of shaping the intellectual character of his literary discourse. The combination of specialized medical vocabulary with artistic imagery ensures a multilayered interpretation of the human being, society, and historical reality, while deepening the psychological and philosophical dimensions of the writer’s prose. The corpus-based approach opens up prospects for the further systematic study of Yurii Shcherbak’s authorial language.
VERBAL SYMBOL IN THE DICTIONARY: BETWEEN INTERPRETATION AND FIXATION OF MEANING
Introduction. The lexicographic representation of verbal symbols is one of the most complex issues in modern linguistics due to their cultural conditioning, contextual variability, and multilayered semantic structure. Verbal symbols do not possess a fixed denotative meaning and function as dynamic semantic units that accumulate culturally established interpretations. Their semantics is formed within cultural, historical, and textual contexts, which complicates their lexicographic fixation and raises the question of the extent to which symbolic meanings can be represented in dictionaries. The purpose. The study aims to identify the principles of lexicographic representation of symbolic meanings and to distinguish approaches to their fixation in general explanatory dictionaries, dialect dictionaries, and specialized dictionaries of verbal symbols. The methods. The research is based on semantic analysis, lexicographic description, and comparative analysis of dictionary sources, as well as the interpretation of theoretical approaches to symbol, metaphor, and allegory in linguistic studies. Main results of the study. The analysis shows that symbolic meanings are rarely explicitly recorded in dictionaries. In general explanatory dictionaries, they are reduced to lexical or figurative meanings and are not distinguished as an independent semantic layer. Dialect dictionaries reveal symbolic meanings mainly through contextual and ethnocultural material, often implicitly. Specialized dictionaries of symbols provide more systematic and explicit representation of symbolic semantics. It is established that symbolic meaning is a multilayered structure consisting of dominant and peripheral components. Dominant meanings are culturally stabilized and widely recognized, while peripheral meanings are context-dependent and activated only in specific textual situations. Symbolic semantics remains open and dynamic, being reconstructed through interaction with cultural knowledge and discourse. Originality. The study differentiates principles of lexicographic representation of symbolic meaning across different dictionary types and interprets symbolic meaning as an autonomous but structurally integrated component of lexical semantics. Conclusions and specific suggestions of the author. Lexicographic representation of symbolic meanings requires differentiation between types of dictionaries. General dictionaries should include only culturally stable symbolic meanings. Dialect dictionaries should account for contextual and ethnocultural data revealing implicit symbolism. Specialized dictionaries should provide a systematic description of symbolic structures, including dominant and peripheral meanings and their contextual realizations.
LINGUISTIC DETERMINANTS OF PROFESSIONAL MOBILITY FOR IT SPECIALISTS IN A GLOBALIZED ENVIRONMENT
In the context of globalization and digital transformation, English for Professional Purposes (ESP) has emerged as a strategic resource for enhancing the professional mobility of IT specialists. Linguistic competence is no longer viewed as a supplementary skill but as a critical factor enabling professionals to participate effectively in the global labor market. The growing demand for collaboration within distributed international teams highlights the need to bridge the gap between technical expertise and communication competence. The study aims to examine the impact of ESP proficiency on the professional mobility and career development of IT specialists. It also seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of authentic ESP curricula implemented by leading international universities in fostering competitive human capital for the global technology sector. The research employs qualitative and comparative approaches. A systematic review of ESP curricula designed for IT professionals at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Stanford University Language Center was conducted. In addition, content analysis of leading industry-oriented language resources published by Oxford and Cambridge was undertaken. Data from international labor market platforms, including LinkedIn and HackerRank, were synthesized to assess the relationship between language competence and employment outcomes for senior technical positions. The findings indicate that professional mobility in the IT sector encompasses two dimensions: horizontal mobility, characterized by technological adaptability and the ability to transition between technology stacks, and vertical mobility, associated with advancement to leadership roles. Since the overwhelming majority of technical documentation, frameworks, and emerging technologies are introduced in English, language proficiency serves as a key catalyst for professional growth and technological adaptation. The analysis of MIT and Stanford curricula revealed a pedagogical shift from traditional grammar-focused instruction toward problem-based learning (PBL) and communication accuracy, reducing the likelihood of misunderstandings and technical errors in international projects. Furthermore, the study highlights the growing significance of generative artificial intelligence, where English functions as the primary medium for prompt engineering and effective human–AI interaction. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by demonstrating that professional mobility in the digital era extends beyond human communication and increasingly involves interaction between humans and artificial intelligence. In this context, IT specialists act as linguistic mediators who translate business objectives into machine-interpretable instructions. The research also conceptualizes ESP as an essential communication infrastructure that directly influences individual career advancement and professional competitiveness. The study confirms that ESP is a fundamental determinant of professional mobility and a gateway to participation in the global labor market. To strengthen the competitiveness of Ukrainian IT professionals, it is recommended to implement Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), incorporate simulations of authentic industry environments through tools such as Jira and Trello, and foster Cultural Intelligence (CQ) to facilitate effective collaboration across diverse organizational and cultural contexts.
FROM THE EXPEDITION TO THE AUDIENCE: THE EDUCATIONAL FORMAT OF DIALECTOLOGY OF THE 21ST CENTURY
Review of the book: Hlibchuk N., Kostiv O. Ukrainian Dialectology. Lviv: LA “Pyramid”, 2023. 552 p.; Hlibchuk N., Kostiv O. Ukrainian Dialectology (second edition, corrected and supplemented) Lviv: PP “Magnolia 2006”, 2024. 552 p.